HACKING CONCEPTS OVERVIEW
Module 01:
Introduction to Ethical Hacking
Internet Crime Current Report: IC3
Data Breach Investigations Report
Types of Data Stolen From the
Organizations
Essential Terminologies
Elements of Information Security
Authenticity and Non-Repudiation
The Security, Functionality, and Usability
Triangle
Security Challenges
Effects of Hacking
Effects of Hacking on Business
Who is a Hacker?
Hacker Classes
Hacktivism
What Does a Hacker Do?
Phase 1 - Reconnaissance
Reconnaissance Types
Phase 2 - Scanning
Phase 3 – Gaining Access
Phase 4 – Maintaining Access
Phase 5 – Covering Tracks
Types of Attacks on a System
Operating System Attacks
Application-Level Attacks
Shrink Wrap Code Attacks
Misconfiguration Attacks
Why Ethical Hacking is Necessary?
Defense in Depth
Scope and Limitations of Ethical Hacking
What Do Ethical Hackers Do?
Skills of an Ethical Hacker
Vulnerability Research
Vulnerability Research Websites
What is Penetration Testing?
Why Penetration Testing?
Penetration Testing Methodology
Module 02:
Footprinting and Reconnaissance
Footprinting Terminologies
What is Footprinting?
Objectives of Footprinting
Footprinting Threats
Finding a Company’s URL
Locate Internal URLs
Public and Restricted Websites
Search for Company’s Information
Tools to Extract Company’s Data
Footprinting Through Search Engines
Collect Location Information
Satellite Picture of a Residence
People Search
People Search Using http://pipl.com
People Search Online Services
People Search on Social Networking
Services
Gather Information from Financial Services
Footprinting Through Job Sites
Monitoring Target Using Alerts
Competitive Intelligence Gathering
Competitive Intelligence-When Did this
Company Begin? How Did it Develop?
Competitive Intelligence-What are the
Company's Plans?
Competitive Intelligence-What Expert
Opinion Say About the Company?
Competitive Intelligence Tools
Competitive Intelligence Consulting
Companies
WHOIS Lookup
WHOIS Lookup Result Analysis
WHOIS Lookup Tools: SmartWhois
WHOIS Lookup Tools
WHOIS Lookup Online Tools
Extracting DNS Information
DNS Interrogation Tools
DNS Interrogation Online Tools
Locate the Network Range
Traceroute
Traceroute Analysis
Traceroute Tool: 3D Traceroute
Traceroute Tool: LoriotPro
Traceroute Tool: Path Analyzer Pro
Traceroute Tools
Mirroring Entire Website
Website Mirroring Tools
Mirroring Entire Website Tools
Extract Website Information from http://www.archive.org
Monitoring Web Updates Using Website
Watcher
Tracking Email Communications
Email Tracking Tools
Footprint Using Google Hacking Techniques
What a Hacker Can Do With Google Hacking?
Google Advance Search Operators
Finding Resources using Google Advance
Operator
Google Hacking Tool: Google Hacking
Database (GHDB)
Google Hacking Tools
Additional Footprinting Tools
Footprinting Countermeasures
Footprinting Pen Testing
Module 03:
Scanning Networks
Network Scanning
Types of Scanning
Checking for Live Systems - ICMP Scanning
Ping Sweep
Ping Sweep Tools
Three-Way Handshake
TCP Communication Flags
Create Custom Packet using TCP Flags
Hping2 / Hping3
Hping Commands
Scanning Techniques
TCP Connect / Full Open Scan
Stealth Scan (Half-open Scan)
Xmas Scan
FIN Scan
NULL Scan
IDLE Scan
IDLE Scan: Step 1
IDLE Scan: Step 2.1 (Open Port)
IDLE Scan: Step 2.2 (Closed Port)
IDLE Scan: Step 3
ICMP Echo Scanning/List Scan
SYN/FIN Scanning Using IP Fragments
UDP Scanning
Inverse TCP Flag Scanning
ACK Flag Scanning
Scanning: IDS Evasion Techniques
IP Fragmentation Tools
Scanning Tool: Nmap
Scanning Tool: NetScan Tools Pro
Scanning Tools
Do Not Scan These IP Addresses (Unless you
want to get into trouble)
Scanning Countermeasures
War Dialing
Why War Dialing?
War Dialing Tools
War Dialing Countermeasures
War Dialing Countermeasures: SandTrap
Tool
OS Fingerprinting
Active Banner Grabbing Using Telnet
Banner Grabbing Tool: ID Serve
GET REQUESTS
Banner Grabbing Tool: Netcraft
Banner Grabbing Tools
Banner Grabbing Countermeasures: Disabling
or Changing Banner
Hiding File Extensions
Hiding File Extensions from Webpages
Vulnerability Scanning
Vulnerability Scanning Tool: Nessus
Vulnerability Scanning Tool: SAINT
Vulnerability Scanning Tool: GFI
LANGuard
Network Vulnerability Scanners
LANsurveyor
Network Mappers
Proxy Servers
Why Attackers Use Proxy Servers?
Use of Proxies for Attack
How Does MultiProxy Work?
Free Proxy Servers
Proxy Workbench
Proxifier Tool: Create Chain of Proxy
Servers
SocksChain
TOR (The Onion Routing)
TOR Proxy Chaining Software
HTTP Tunneling Techniques
Why do I Need HTTP Tunneling?
Super Network Tunnel Tool
Httptunnel for Windows
Additional HTTP Tunneling Tools
SSH Tunneling
SSL Proxy Tool
How to Run SSL Proxy?
Proxy Tools
Anonymizers
Types of Anonymizers
Case: Bloggers Write Text Backwards to
Bypass Web Filters in China
Text Conversion to Avoid Filters
Censorship Circumvention Tool: Psiphon
How Psiphon Works?
How to Check if Your Website is Blocked in China or Not?
G-Zapper
Anonymizer Tools
Spoofing IP Address
IP Spoofing Detection Techniques: Direct
TTL Probes
IP Spoofing Detection Techniques: IP
Identification Number
IP Spoofing Detection Techniques: TCP Flow
Control Method
IP Spoofing Countermeasures
Scanning Pen Testing
Module 04:
Enumeration
What is Enumeration?
Techniques for Enumeration
Netbios Enumeration
NetBIOS Enumeration Tool: SuperScan
NetBIOS Enumeration Tool: NetBIOS
Enumerator
Enumerating User Accounts
Enumerate Systems Using Default Passwords
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol)
Enumeration
Management Information Base (MIB)
SNMP Enumeration Tool: OpUtils Network
Monitoring Toolset
SNMP Enumeration Tool: SolarWinds
SNMP Enumeration Tools
UNIX/Linux Enumeration
Linux Enumeration Tool: Enum4linux
LDAP Enumeration
LDAP Enumeration Tool: JXplorer
LDAP Enumeration Tool
NTP Enumeration
NTP Server Discovery Tool: NTP Server Scanner
NTP Server: PresenTense Time Server
NTP Enumeration Tools
SMTP Enumeration
SMTP Enumeration Tool: NetScanTools
Pro
DNS Zone Transfer Enumeration Using
nslookup
DNS Analyzing and Enumeration
Tool: The Men & Mice Suite
Enumeration Countermeasures
SMB Enumeration Countermeasures
Enumeration Pen Testing
Module 05:
System Hacking
Information at Hand Before System Hacking
Stage
System Hacking: Goals
CEH Hacking Methodology (CHM)
Password Cracking
Password Complexity
Password Cracking Techniques
Types of Password Attacks
Passive Online Attacks: Wire
Sniffing
Password Sniffing
Passive Online Attack: Man-in-the-Middle and Replay Attack
Active Online Attack: Password
Guessing
Active Online Attack:
Trojan/Spyware/Keylogger
Active Online Attack: Hash
Injection Attack
Rainbow Attacks: Pre-Computed Hash
Distributed Network Attack
Elcomsoft Distributed Password
Recovery
Non-Electronic Attacks
Default Passwords
Manual Password Cracking
(Guessing)
Automatic Password Cracking
Algorithm
Stealing Passwords Using USB Drive
Microsoft Authentication
How Hash Passwords are Stored in Windows
SAM?
What is LAN Manager Hash?
LM “Hash” Generation
LM, NTLMv1, and NTLMv2
NTLM Authentication Process
Kerberos Authentication
Salting
PWdump7 and Fgdump
L0phtCrack
Ophcrack
Cain & Abel
RainbowCrack
Password Cracking Tools
LM Hash Backward Compatibility
How to Disable LM HASH?
How to Defend against Password Cracking?
Implement and Enforce Strong Security
Policy
Privilege Escalation
Escalation of Privileges
Active@ Password Changer
Privilege Escalation Tools
How to Defend against Privilege
Escalation?
Executing Applications
Alchemy Remote Executor
RemoteExec
Execute This!
Keylogger
Types of Keystroke Loggers
Acoustic/CAM Keylogger
Keylogger: Advanced Keylogger
Keylogger: Spytech SpyAgent
Keylogger: Perfect Keylogger
Keylogger: Powered Keylogger
Keylogger for Mac: Aobo Mac OS X
KeyLogger
Keylogger for Mac: Perfect Keylogger
for Mac
Hardware Keylogger: KeyGhost
Keyloggers
Spyware
What Does the Spyware Do?
Types of Spywares
Desktop Spyware
Desktop Spyware: Activity
Monitor
Email and Internet Spyware
Email and Internet Spyware:
eBLASTER
Internet and E-mail Spyware
Child Monitoring Spyware
Child Monitoring Spyware:
Advanced Parental Control
Screen Capturing Spyware
Screen Capturing Spyware:
Spector Pro
USB Spyware
USB Spyware: USBDumper
Audio Spyware
Audio Spyware: RoboNanny, Stealth Recorder Pro and Spy
Voice Recorder
Video Spyware
Video Spyware: Net Video Spy
Print Spyware
Print Spyware: Printer
Activity Monitor
Telephone/Cellphone Spyware
Cellphone Spyware: Mobile Spy
GPS Spyware
GPS Spyware: GPS TrackMaker
How to Defend against Keyloggers?
Anti-Keylogger
Anti-Keylogger: Zemana AntiLogger
Anti-Keyloggers
How to Defend against Spyware?
Anti-Spyware: Spyware Doctor
Rootkits
Types of Rootkits
How Rootkit Works?
Rootkit: Fu
Detecting Rootkits
Steps for Detecting Rootkits
How to Defend against Rootkits?
Anti-Rootkit: RootkitRevealer and McAfee
Rootkit Detective
NTFS Data Stream
How to Create NTFS Streams?
NTFS Stream Manipulation
How to Defend against NTFS Streams?
NTFS Stream Detector: ADS Scan Engine
NTFS Stream Detectors
What is Steganography?
Steganography Techniques
How Steganography Works?
Types of Steganography
Whitespace Steganography Tool: SNOW
Image Steganography
Image Steganography: Hermetic Stego
Image Steganography Tools
Document Steganography: wbStego
Document Steganography Tools
Video Steganography: Our Secret
Video Steganography Tools
Audio Steganography: Mp3stegz
Audio Steganography Tools
Folder Steganography: Invisible Secrets 4
Folder Steganography Tools
Spam/Email Steganography: Spam Mimic
Natural Text Steganography: Sams Big G
Play Maker
Steganalysis
Steganalysis Methods/Attacks on
Steganography
Steganography Detection Tool: Stegdetect
Steganography Detection Tools
Why Cover Tracks?
Covering Tracks
Ways to Clear Online Tracks
Disabling Auditing: Auditpol
Covering Tracks Tool: Window Washer
Covering Tracks Tool: Tracks Eraser Pro
Track Covering Tools
System Hacking Penetration Testing
Module 06:
Trojans and Backdoors
What is a Trojan?
Overt and Covert Channels
Purpose of Trojans
What Do Trojan Creators Look For?
Indications of a Trojan Attack
Common Ports used by Trojans
How to Infect Systems Using a Trojan?
Wrappers
Wrapper Covert Programs
Different Ways a Trojan can Get into a
System
How to Deploy a Trojan?
Evading Anti-Virus Techniques
Types of Trojans
Command Shell Trojans
Command Shell Trojan: Netcat
GUI Trojan: MoSucker
GUI Trojan: Jumper and Biodox
Document Trojans
E-mail Trojans
E-mail Trojans: RemoteByMail
Defacement Trojans
Defacement Trojans: Restorator
Botnet Trojans
Botnet Trojan: Illusion Bot
Botnet Trojan: NetBot Attacker
Proxy Server Trojans
Proxy Server Trojan: W3bPrOxy
Tr0j4nCr34t0r (Funny Name)
FTP Trojans
FTP Trojan: TinyFTPD
VNC Trojans
HTTP/HTTPS Trojans
HTTP Trojan: HTTP RAT
Shttpd Trojan - HTTPS (SSL)
ICMP Tunneling
ICMP Trojan: icmpsend
Remote Access Trojans
Remote Access Trojan: RAT
DarkComet
Remote Access Trojan: Apocalypse
Covert Channel Trojan: CCTT
E-banking Trojans
Banking Trojan Analysis
E-banking Trojan: ZeuS
Destructive Trojans
Notification Trojans
Credit Card Trojans
Data Hiding Trojans (Encrypted Trojans)
BlackBerry Trojan: PhoneSnoop
MAC OS X Trojan: DNSChanger
MAC OS X Trojan: DNSChanger
Mac OS X Trojan: Hell Raiser
How to Detect Trojans?
Scanning for Suspicious Ports
Port Monitoring Tool: IceSword
Port Monitoring Tools: CurrPorts and
TCPView
Scanning for Suspicious Processes
Process Monitoring Tool: What's Running
Process Monitoring Tools
Scanning for Suspicious Registry Entries
Registry Entry Monitoring Tools
Scanning for Suspicious Device Drivers
Device Drivers Monitoring Tools:
DriverView
Device Drivers Monitoring Tools
Scanning for Suspicious Windows Services
Windows Services Monitoring Tools:
Windows Service Manager (SrvMan)
Windows Services Monitoring Tools
Scanning for Suspicious Startup Programs
Windows7 Startup Registry Entries
Startup Programs Monitoring Tools: Starter
Startup Programs Monitoring Tools:
Security AutoRun
Startup Programs Monitoring Tools
Scanning for Suspicious Files and Folders
Files and Folder Integrity Checker:
FastSum and WinMD5
Files and Folder Integrity Checker
Scanning for Suspicious Network Activities
Detecting Trojans and Worms with Capsa
Network Analyzer
Trojan Countermeasures
Backdoor Countermeasures
Trojan Horse Construction Kit
Anti-Trojan Software: TrojanHunter
Anti-Trojan Software: Emsisoft
Anti-Malware
Anti-Trojan Softwares
Pen Testing for Trojans and Backdoors
Module 07:
Viruses and Worms
Introduction to Viruses
Virus and Worm Statistics 2010
Stages of Virus Life
Working of Viruses: Infection Phase
Working of Viruses: Attack Phase
Why Do People Create Computer Viruses?
Indications of Virus Attack
How does a Computer get Infected by
Viruses?
Virus Hoaxes
Virus Analysis:
W32/Sality AA
W32/Toal-A
W32/Virut
Klez
Types of Viruses
System or Boot Sector Viruses
File and Multipartite Viruses
Macro Viruses
Cluster Viruses
Stealth/Tunneling Viruses
Encryption Viruses
Polymorphic Code
Metamorphic Viruses
File Overwriting or Cavity Viruses
Sparse Infector Viruses
Companion/Camouflage Viruses
Shell Viruses
File Extension Viruses
Add-on and Intrusive Viruses
Transient and Terminate and Stay Resident
Viruses
Writing a Simple Virus Program
Terabit Virus Maker
JPS Virus Maker
DELmE's Batch Virus Maker
Computer
Worms
How is a Worm Different from a Virus?
Example of Worm Infection: Conficker Worm
What does the Conficker Worm do?
How does the Conficker Worm Work?
Worm Analysis:
W32/Netsky
W32/Bagle.GE
Worm Maker: Internet Worm Maker Thing
What is Sheep Dip Computer?
Anti-Virus Sensors Systems
Malware Analysis Procedure
String Extracting Tool: Bintext
Compression and Decompression Tool: UPX
Process Monitoring Tools: Process Monitor
Log Packet Content Monitoring Tools: NetResident
Debugging Tool: Ollydbg
Virus
Analysis Tool: IDA Pro
Online Malware Testing:
Sunbelt CWSandbox
VirusTotal
Online Malware Analysis Services
Virus Detection Methods
Virus and Worms Countermeasures
Companion Antivirus: Immunet Protect
Anti-virus Tools
Penetration Testing for Virus
Module 08:
Sniffers
Lawful Intercept
Benefits of Lawful Intercept
Network Components Used for Lawful
Intercept
Wiretapping
Sniffing Threats
How a Sniffer Works?
Hacker Attacking a Switch
Types of Sniffing: Passive Sniffing
Types of Sniffing: Active Sniffing
Protocols Vulnerable to Sniffing
Tie to Data Link Layer in OSI Model
Hardware Protocol Analyzers
SPAN Port
MAC Flooding
MAC Address/CAM Table
How CAM Works?
What Happens When CAM Table is Full?
Mac Flooding Switches with macof
MAC Flooding Tool: Yersinia
How to Defend against MAC Attacks?
How DHCP Works?
DHCP Request/Reply Messages
IPv4 DHCP Packet Format
DHCP Starvation Attack
Rogue DHCP Server Attack
DHCP Starvation Attack Tool: Gobbler
How to Defend Against DHCP Starvation
and Rogue Server Attack?
What is Address Resolution Protocol (ARP)?
ARP Spoofing Attack
How Does ARP Spoofing Work?
Threats of ARP Poisoning
ARP Poisoning Tool: Cain and Abel
ARP Poisoning Tool: WinArpAttacker
ARP Poisoning Tool: Ufasoft Snif
How to Defend Against ARP Poisoning?
Use DHCP Snooping Binding Table and Dynamic ARP Inspection
Configuring DHCP Snooping and Dynamic ARP
Inspection on Cisco Switches
MAC Spoofing/Duplicating
Spoofing Attack Threats
MAC Spoofing Tool: SMAC
How to Defend Against MAC Spoofing?
Use DHCP Snooping Binding Table, Dynamic ARP Inspection and IP Source Guard
DNS Poisoning Techniques
Intranet DNS Spoofing
Internet DNS Spoofing
Proxy Server DNS Poisoning
DNS Cache Poisoning
How to Defend Against DNS Spoofing?
Sniffing Tool: Wireshark
Follow TCP Stream in Wireshark
Display Filters in Wireshark
Additional Wireshark Filters
Sniffing Tool: CACE Pilot
Sniffing Tool: Tcpdump/Windump
Discovery Tool: NetworkView
Discovery Tool: The Dude Sniffer
Password Sniffing Tool: Ace
Packet Sniffing Tool: Capsa Network
Analyzer
OmniPeek Network Analyzer
Network Packet Analyzer: Observer
Session Capture Sniffer: NetWitness
Email Message Sniffer: Big-Mother
TCP/IP Packet Crafter: Packet Builder
Additional Sniffing Tools
How an Attacker Hacks the Network Using
Sniffers?
How to Defend Against Sniffing?
Sniffing Prevention Techniques
How to Detect Sniffing?
Promiscuous Detection Tool: PromqryUI
Promiscuous Detection Tool: PromiScan
Module 09:
Social Engineering
What is Social Engineering?
Behaviors Vulnerable to Attacks
Factors that Make Companies Vulnerable
to Attacks
Why is Social Engineering Effective?
Warning Signs of an Attack
Phases in a Social Engineering Attack
Impact on the Organization
Command Injection Attacks
Common Targets of Social Engineering
Common Targets of Social Engineering:
Office Workers
Types of Social Engineering
Human-Based Social Engineering
Technical Support Example
Authority Support Example
Human-based Social Engineering:
Dumpster Diving
Computer-Based Social Engineering
Computer-Based Social Engineering:
Pop-Ups
Computer-Based Social Engineering:
Phishing
Social Engineering Using SMS
Social Engineering by a “Fake SMS
Spying Tool”
Insider Attack
Disgruntled Employee
Preventing Insider Threats
Common Intrusion Tactics and Strategies
for Prevention
Social Engineering Through Impersonation
on Social Networking Sites
Social Engineering Example: LinkedIn
Profile
Social Engineering on Facebook
Social Engineering on Twitter
Social Engineering on Orkut
Social Engineering on MySpace
Risks of Social Networking to Corporate
Networks
Identity Theft Statistics 2010
Identify Theft
How to Steal an Identity?
STEP 1
STEP 2
STEP 3
Real Steven Gets Huge Credit Card
Statement
Identity Theft - Serious Problem
Social Engineering Countermeasures:
Policies
Social Engineering Countermeasures
How to Detect Phishing Emails?
Anti-Phishing Toolbar: Netcraft
Anti-Phishing Toolbar: PhishTank
Identity Theft Countermeasures
Social Engineering Pen Testing
Social Engineering Pen Testing: Using
Emails
Social Engineering Pen Testing: Using
Phone
Social Engineering Pen Testing: In
Person
Module 10:
Denial of Service
What is a Denial of Service Attack?
What is Distributed Denial of Service
Attacks?
How Distributed Denial of Service
Attacks Work?
Symptoms of a DoS Attack
Cyber Criminals
Organized Cyber Crime: Organizational
Chart
Internet Chat Query (ICQ)
Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
DoS Attack Techniques
Bandwidth Attacks
Service Request Floods
SYN Attack
SYN Flooding
ICMP Flood Attack
Peer-to-Peer Attacks
Permanent Denial-of-Service Attack
Application Level Flood Attacks
Botnet
Botnet Propagation Technique
Botnet Ecosystem
Botnet Trojan: Shark
Poison Ivy: Botnet Command Control
Center
Botnet Trojan: PlugBot
WikiLeak Operation Payback
DDoS Attack
DDoS Attack Tool: LOIC
Denial of Service Attack Against
MasterCard, Visa, and Swiss Banks
Hackers Advertise Links to Download
Botnet
DoS Attack Tools
Detection Techniques
Activity Profiling
Wavelet Analysis
Sequential Change-Point Detection
DoS/DDoS Countermeasure Strategies
DDoS Attack Countermeasures
DoS/DDoS Countermeasures: Protect
Secondary Victims
DoS/DDoS Countermeasures: Detect and
Neutralize Handlers
DoS/DDoS Countermeasures: Detect
Potential Attacks
DoS/DDoS Countermeasures: Deflect
Attacks
DoS/DDoS Countermeasures: Mitigate
Attacks
Post-attack Forensics
Techniques to Defend against Botnets
DoS/DDoS Countermeasures
DoS/DDoS Protection at ISP Level
Enabling TCP Intercept on Cisco IOS
Software
Advanced DDoS Protection: IntelliGuard
DDoS Protection System (DPS)
DoS/DDoS Protection Tool
Denial of Service (DoS) Attack Penetration
Testing
Module 11:
Session Hijacking
What is Session Hijacking?
Dangers Posed by Hijacking
Why Session Hijacking is Successful?
Key Session Hijacking Techniques
Brute Forcing
Brute Forcing Attack
HTTP Referrer Attack
Spoofing vs. Hijacking
Session Hijacking Process
Packet Analysis of a Local Session Hijack
Types of Session Hijacking
Session Hijacking in OSI Model
Application Level Session Hijacking
Session Sniffing
Predictable Session Token
How to Predict a Session Token?
Man-in-the-Middle Attack
Man-in-the-Browser Attack
Steps to Perform Man-in-the-Browser
Attack
Client-side Attacks
Cross-site Script Attack
Session Fixation
Session Fixation Attack
Network Level Session Hijacking
The 3-Way Handshake
Sequence Numbers
Sequence Number Prediction
TCP/IP Hijacking
IP Spoofing: Source Routed Packets
RST Hijacking
Blind Hijacking
Man-in-the-Middle Attack using Packet
Sniffer
UDP
Hijacking
Session Hijacking Tools
Paros
Burp Suite
Firesheep
Countermeasures
Protecting against Session Hijacking
Methods to Prevent Session Hijacking: To
be Followed by Web Developers
Methods to Prevent Session Hijacking: To
be Followed by Web Users
Defending against Session Hijack Attacks
Session Hijacking Remediation
IPSec
Modes of IPSec
IPSec Architecture
IPSec Authentication and
Confidentiality
Components of IPSec
IPSec Implementation
Session Hijacking Pen Testing
Module 12:
Hijacking Webservers
Webserver Market Shares
Open Source Webserver Architecture
IIS Webserver Architecture
Website Defacement
Case Study
Why Web Servers are Compromised?
Impact of Webserver Attacks
Webserver Misconfiguration
Example
Directory Traversal Attacks
HTTP Response Splitting Attack
Web Cache Poisoning Attack
HTTP Response Hijacking
SSH Bruteforce Attack
Man-in-the-Middle Attack
Webserver Password Cracking
Webserver Password Cracking Techniques
Web Application Attacks
Webserver Attack Methodology
Information Gathering
Webserver Footprinting
Webserver Footprinting Tools
Mirroring a Website
Vulnerability Scanning
Session Hijacking
Hacking Web Passwords
Webserver Attack Tools
Metasploit
Metasploit Architecture
Metasploit Exploit Module
Metasploit Payload Module
Metasploit Auxiliary Module
Metasploit NOPS Module
Wfetch
Web Password Cracking Tool
Brutus
THC-Hydra
Countermeasures
Patches and Updates
Protocols
Accounts
Files and Directories
How to Defend Against Web Server Attacks?
How to Defend against HTTP Response
Splitting and Web Cache Poisoning?
Patches and Hotfixes
What is Patch Management?
Identifying Appropriate Sources for
Updates and Patches
Installation of a Patch
Patch Management Tool: Microsoft Baseline
Security Analyzer (MBSA)
Patch Management Tools
Web Application Security Scanner: Sandcat
Web Server Security Scanner: Wikto
Webserver Malware Infection Monitoring
Tool: HackAlert
Webserver Security Tools
Web Server Penetration Testing
Module 13:
Hacking Web Applications
Web Application Security Statistics
Introduction to Web Applications
Web Application Components
How Web Applications Work?
Web Application Architecture
Web 2.0 Applications
Vulnerability Stack
Web Attack Vectors
Web Application Threats - 1
Web Application Threats - 2
Unvalidated Input
Parameter/Form Tampering
Directory Traversal
Security Misconfiguration
Injection Flaws
SQL Injection Attacks
Command Injection Attacks
Command Injection Example
File Injection Attack
What is LDAP Injection?
How LDAP Injection Works?
Hidden Field Manipulation Attack
Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) Attacks
How XSS Attacks Work?
Cross-Site Scripting Attack Scenario:
Attack via Email
XSS Example: Attack via Email
XSS Example: Stealing Users' Cookies
XSS Example: Sending an Unauthorized
Request
XSS Attack in Blog Posting
XSS Attack in Comment Field
XSS Cheat Sheet
Cross-Site Request Forgery (CSRF)
Attack
How CSRF Attacks Work?
Web Application Denial-of-Service (DoS)
Attack
Denial of Service (DoS) Examples
Buffer Overflow Attacks
Cookie/Session Poisoning
How Cookie Poisoning Works?
Session Fixation Attack
Insufficient Transport Layer Protection
Improper Error Handling
Insecure Cryptographic Storage
Broken Authentication and Session
Management
Unvalidated Redirects and Forwards
Web Services Architecture
Web Services Attack
Web Services Footprinting Attack
Web Services XML Poisoning
Footprint Web Infrastructure
Footprint Web Infrastructure: Server
Discovery
Footprint Web Infrastructure: Server
Identification/Banner Grabbing
Footprint Web Infrastructure: Hidden
Content Discovery
Web Spidering Using Burp Suite
Hacking Web Servers
Web Server Hacking Tool: WebInspect
Analyze Web Applications
Analyze Web Applications: Identify
Entry Points for User Input
Analyze Web Applications: Identify
Server-Side Technologies
Analyze Web Applications: Identify
Server-Side Functionality
Analyze Web Applications: Map the
Attack Surface
Attack Authentication Mechanism
Username Enumeration
Password Attacks: Password Functionality
Exploits
Password Attacks: Password Guessing
Password Attacks: Brute-forcing
Session Attacks: Session ID Prediction/
Brute-forcing
Cookie Exploitation: Cookie Poisoning
Authorization Attack
HTTP Request Tampering
Authorization Attack: Cookie Parameter
Tampering
Session Management Attack
Attacking Session Token Generation
Mechanism
Attacking Session Tokens Handling
Mechanism: Session Token Sniffing
Injection Attacks
Attack Data Connectivity
Connection String Injection
Connection String Parameter Pollution
(CSPP) Attacks
Connection Pool DoS
Attack Web App Client
Attack Web Services
Web Services Probing Attacks
Web Service Attacks: SOAP Injection
Web Service Attacks: XML Injection
Web Services Parsing Attacks
Web Service Attack Tool: soapUI
Web Service Attack Tool: XMLSpy
Web Application Hacking Tool: Burp Suite
Professional
Web Application Hacking Tools:
CookieDigger
Web Application Hacking Tools: WebScarab
Web Application Hacking Tools
Encoding Schemes
How to Defend Against SQL Injection
Attacks?
How to Defend Against Command
Injection Flaws?
How to Defend Against XSS Attacks?
How to Defend Against DoS Attack?
How to Defend Against Web Services
Attack?
Web Application Countermeasures
How to Defend Against Web Application
Attacks?
Web Application Security Tool:
Acunetix Web Vulnerability Scanner
Web Application Security Tool: Falcove
Web Vulnerability Scanner
Web Application Security Scanner:
Netsparker
Web Application Security Tool:
N-Stalker Web Application Security Scanner
Web Application Security Tools
Web Application Firewall: dotDefender
Web Application Firewall: IBM AppScan
Web Application Firewall: ServerDefender
VP
Web Application Firewall
Web Application Pen Testing
Information Gathering
Configuration Management Testing
Authentication Testing
Session Management Testing
Authorization Testing
Data Validation Testing
Denial of Service Testing
Web Services Testing
AJAX Testing
Module 14:
SQL Injection
SQL Injection is the Most Prevalent
Vulnerability in 2010
SQL Injection Threats
What is SQL Injection?
SQL Injection Attacks
How Web Applications Work?
Server Side Technologies
HTTP Post Request
Example 1: Normal SQL Query
Example 1: SQL Injection Query
Example 1: Code Analysis
Example 2: BadProductList.aspx
Example 2: Attack Analysis
Example 3: Updating Table
Example 4: Adding New Records
Example 5: Identifying the Table Name
Example 6: Deleting a Table
SQL Injection Detection
SQL Injection Error Messages
SQL Injection Attack Characters
Additional Methods to Detect SQL
Injection
SQL
Injection Black Box Pen Testing
Testing for SQL Injection
Types of SQL Injection
Simple SQL Injection Attack
Union SQL Injection Example
SQL Injection Error Based
What is Blind SQL Injection?
No Error Messages Returned
Blind SQL Injection: WAITFOR DELAY YES
or NO Response
Blind SQL Injection – Exploitation
(MySQL)
Blind SQL Injection - Extract Database
User
Blind SQL Injection - Extract Database
Name
Blind SQL Injection - Extract Column Name
Blind SQL Injection - Extract Data
from ROWS
SQL Injection Methodology
Information Gathering
Extracting Information through Error
Messages
Understanding SQL Query
Bypass Website Logins Using SQL
Injection
Database, Table, and Column Enumeration
Advanced Enumeration
Features of Different DBMSs
Creating Database Accounts
Password Grabbing
Grabbing SQL Server Hashes
Extracting SQL Hashes (In a Single
Statement)
Transfer Database to Attacker’s Machine
Interacting with the Operating System
Interacting with the FileSystem
Network Reconnaissance Full Query
SQL Injection Tools
SQL Injection Tools: BSQLHacker
SQL Injection Tools: Marathon Tool
SQL Injection Tools: SQL Power
Injector
SQL Injection Tools: Havij
Evading IDS
Types of Signature Evasion Techniques
Evasion Technique: Sophisticated
Matches
Evasion Technique: Hex Encoding
Evasion Technique: Manipulating White
Spaces
Evasion Technique: In-line Comment
Evasion Technique: Char Encoding
Evasion Technique: String
Concatenation
Evasion Technique: Obfuscated Codes
How to Defend Against SQL Injection
Attacks?
How to Defend Against SQL Injection
Attacks: Use Type-Safe SQL Parameters
SQL Injection Detection Tools
SQL Injection Detection Tool:
Microsoft Source Code Analyzer
SQL Injection Detection Tool:
Microsoft UrlScan
SQL Injection Detection Tool:
dotDefender
SQL Injection Detection Tool: IBM
AppScan
Snort Rule to Detect SQL Injection Attacks
Module 15:
Hacking Wireless Networks
Wireless Networks
Wi-Fi Usage Statistics in the US
Wi-Fi Hotspots at Public Places
Wi-Fi Networks at Home
Types of Wireless Networks
Wireless Standards
Service Set Identifier (SSID)
Wi-Fi Authentication Modes
Wi-Fi Authentication Process Using a
Centralized Authentication Server
Wi-Fi Authentication Process
Wireless Terminologies
Wi-Fi Chalking
Wi-Fi Chalking Symbols
Wi-Fi Hotspot Finder: jiwire.com
Wi-Fi Hotspot Finder: WeFi.com
Types of Wireless Antenna
Parabolic Grid Antenna
Types of Wireless Encryption
WEP Encryption
How WEP Works?
What is WPA?
How WPA Works?
Temporal Keys
What is WPA2?
How WPA2 Works?
WEP vs. WPA vs. WPA2
WEP Issues
Weak Initialization Vectors (IV)
How to Break WEP Encryption?
How to Break WPA/WPA2 Encryption?
How to Defend Against WPA Cracking?
Wireless Threats: Access Control Attacks
Wireless Threats: Integrity Attacks
Wireless Threats: Confidentiality Attacks
Wireless Threats: Availability Attacks
Wireless Threats: Authentication Attacks
Rogue Access Point Attack
Client Mis-association
Misconfigured Access Point Attack
Unauthorized Association
Ad Hoc Connection Attack
HoneySpot Access Point Attack
AP MAC Spoofing
Denial-of-Service Attack
Jamming Signal Attack
Wi-Fi Jamming Devices
Wireless Hacking Methodology
Find Wi-Fi Networks to Attack
Attackers Scanning for Wi-Fi Networks
Footprint the Wireless Network
Wi-Fi Discovery Tool: inSSIDer
Wi-Fi Discovery Tool: NetSurveyor
Wi-Fi Discovery Tool: NetStumbler
Wi-Fi Discovery Tool: Vistumbler
Wi-Fi Discovery Tool: WirelessMon
Wi-Fi Discovery Tools
GPS Mapping
GPS Mapping Tool: WIGLE
GPS Mapping Tool: Skyhook
How to Discover Wi-Fi Network Using
Wardriving?
Wireless Traffic Analysis
Wireless Cards and Chipsets
Wi-Fi USB Dongle: AirPcap
Wi-Fi Packet Sniffer: Wireshark with
AirPcap
Wi-Fi Packet Sniffer: Wi-Fi Pilot
Wi-Fi Packet Sniffer: OmniPeek
Wi-Fi Packet Sniffer: CommView for Wi-Fi
What is Spectrum Analysis?
Wireless Sniffers
Aircrack-ng Suite
How to Reveal Hidden SSIDs
Fragmentation Attack
How to Launch MAC Spoofing Attack?
Denial of Service: Deauthentication and
Disassociation Attacks
Man-in-the-Middle Attack
MITM Attack Using Aircrack-ng
Wireless ARP Poisoning Attack
Rogue Access Point
Evil Twin
How to Set Up a Fake Hotspot (Evil
Twin)?
How to Crack WEP Using Aircrack?
How to Crack WEP Using Aircrack?
Screenshot 1/2
How to Crack WEP Using Aircrack?
Screenshot 2/2
How to Crack WPA-PSK Using Aircrack?
WPA Cracking Tool: KisMAC
WEP Cracking Using Cain & Abel
WPA Brute Forcing Using Cain & Abel
WPA Cracking Tool: Elcomsoft Wireless
Security Auditor
WEP/WPA Cracking Tools
Wi-Fi Sniffer: Kismet
Wardriving Tools
RF Monitoring Tools
Wi-Fi Connection Manager Tools
Wi-Fi Traffic Analyzer Tools
Wi-Fi Raw Packet Capturing Tools
Wi-Fi Spectrum Analyzing Tools
Bluetooth Hacking
Bluetooth Stack
Bluetooth Threats
How to BlueJack a Victim?
Bluetooth Hacking Tool: Super Bluetooth
Hack
Bluetooth Hacking Tool: PhoneSnoop
Bluetooth Hacking Tool: BlueScanner
Bluetooth Hacking Tools
How to Defend Against Bluetooth Hacking?
How to Detect and Block Rogue AP?
Wireless Security Layers
How to Defend Against Wireless Attacks?
Wireless Intrusion Prevention Systems
Wireless IPS Deployment
Wi-Fi Security Auditing Tool: AirMagnet
WiFi Analyzer
Wi-Fi Security Auditing Tool: AirDefense
Wi-Fi Security Auditing Tool: Adaptive
Wireless IPS
Wi-Fi Security Auditing Tool: Aruba
RFProtect WIPS
Wi-Fi Intrusion Prevention System
Wi-Fi Predictive Planning Tools
Wi-Fi Vulnerability Scanning Tools
Wireless Penetration Testing
Wireless Penetration Testing Framework
Wi-Fi Pen Testing Framework
Pen Testing LEAP Encrypted WLAN
Pen Testing WPA/WPA2 Encrypted WLAN
Pen Testing WEP Encrypted WLAN
Pen Testing Unencrypted WLAN
Module 16:
Evading IDS, Firewalls, and Honeypots
Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) and its
Placement
How IDS Works?
Ways to Detect an Intrusion
Types of Intrusion Detection Systems
System Integrity Verifiers (SIV)
General Indications of Intrusions
General Indications of System Intrusions
Firewall
Firewall Architecture
DeMilitarized Zone (DMZ)
Types of Firewall
Packet Filtering Firewall
Circuit-Level Gateway Firewall
Application-Level Firewall
Stateful Multilayer Inspection
Firewall
Firewall Identification
Port Scanning
Firewalking
Banner Grabbing
Honeypot
Types of Honeypots
How to Set Up a Honeypot?
Intrusion Detection Tool
Snort
Snort Rules
Rule Actions and IP Protocols
The Direction Operator and IP
Addresses
Port Numbers
Intrusion Detection Systems: Tipping Point
Intrusion Detection Tools
Firewall: Sunbelt Personal Firewall
Firewalls
Honeypot Tools
KFSensor
SPECTER
Insertion Attack
Evasion
Denial-of-Service Attack (DoS)
Obfuscating
False Positive Generation
Session Splicing
Unicode Evasion Technique
Fragmentation Attack
Overlapping Fragments
Time-To-Live Attacks
Invalid RST Packets
Urgency Flag
Polymorphic Shellcode
ASCII Shellcode
Application-Layer Attacks
Desynchronization
Pre Connection SYN
Post Connection SYN
Other Types of Evasion
IP Address Spoofing
Attacking Session Token Generation
Mechanism
Tiny Fragments
Bypass Blocked Sites Using IP Address in
Place of URL
Bypass Blocked Sites Using Anonymous
Website Surfing Sites
Bypass a Firewall using Proxy Server
Bypassing Firewall through ICMP
Tunneling Method
Bypassing Firewall through ACK
Tunneling Method
Bypassing Firewall through HTTP
Tunneling Method
Bypassing Firewall through External
Systems
Bypassing Firewall through MITM Attack
Detecting Honeypots
Honeypot Detecting Tool: Send-Safe
Honeypot Hunter
Firewall Evasion Tools
Traffic IQ Professional
tcp-over-dns
Firewall Evasion Tools
Packet Fragment Generators
Countermeasures
Firewall/IDS Penetration Testing
Firewall Penetration Testing
IDS Penetration Testing
Module 17:
Buffer Overflow
Buffer Overflows
Why are Programs And Applications
Vulnerable?
Understanding Stacks
Stack-Based Buffer Overflow
Understanding Heap
Heap-Based Buffer Overflow
Stack Operations
Shellcode
No Operations (NOPs)
Knowledge Required to Program Buffer
Overflow Exploits
Buffer Overflow Steps
Attacking a Real Program
Format String Problem
Overflow using Format String
Smashing the Stack
Once the Stack is Smashed...
Simple Uncontrolled Overflow
Simple Buffer Overflow in C
Code Analysis
Exploiting Semantic Comments in C
(Annotations)
How to Mutate a Buffer Overflow Exploit?
Identifying Buffer Overflows
How to Detect Buffer Overflows in a
Program?
BOU (Buffer Overflow Utility)
Testing for Heap Overflow Conditions:
heap.exe
Steps for Testing for Stack Overflow in
OllyDbg Debugger
Testing for Stack Overflow in OllyDbg
Debugger
Testing for Format String Conditions using
IDA Pro
BoF Detection Tools
Defense Against Buffer Overflows
Preventing BoF Attacks
Programming Countermeasures
Data Execution Prevention (DEP)
Enhanced Mitigation Experience Toolkit
(EMET)
EMET System Configuration Settings
EMET Application Configuration Window
BoF Security Tools
BufferShield
Buffer Overflow Penetration Testing
Module 18:
Cryptography
Cryptography
Types of Cryptography
Government Access to Keys (GAK)
Ciphers
Advanced Encryption Standard (AES)
Data Encryption Standard (DES)
RC4, RC5, RC6 Algorithms
The DSA and Related Signature Schemes
RSA (Rivest Shamir Adleman)
Example of RSA Algorithm
The RSA Signature Scheme
Message Digest (One-way Bash) Functions
Message Digest Function: MD5
Secure Hashing Algorithm (SHA)
What is SSH (Secure Shell)?
MD5 Hash Calculators: HashCalc, MD5 Calculator
and HashMyFiles
Cryptography Tool: Advanced Encryption
Package
Cryptography Tools
Public Key Infrastructure (PKI)
Certification Authorities
Digital Signature
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
Transport Layer Security (TLS)
Disk Encryption
Disk Encryption Tool: TrueCrypt
Disk Encryption Tools
Cryptography Attacks
Code Breaking Methodologies
Brute-Force Attack
Meet-in-the-Middle Attack on Digital
Signature Schemes
Cryptanalysis Tool: CrypTool
Cryptanalysis Tools
Online MD5 Decryption Tool
Module 19:
Penetration Testing
Introduction to Penetration Testing
Security Assessments
Vulnerability Assessment
Limitations of Vulnerability Assessment
Penetration Testing
Why Penetration Testing?
What Should be Tested?
What Makes a Good Penetration Test?
ROI on Penetration Testing
Testing Points
Testing Locations
Types of Penetration Testing
External Penetration Testing
Internal Security Assessment
Black-box Penetration Testing
Grey-box Penetration Testing
White-box Penetration Testing
Announced / Unannounced Testing
Automated Testing
Manual Testing
Common Penetration Testing Techniques
Using DNS Domain Name and IP Address
Information
Enumerating Information about Hosts on
Publicly-Available Networks
Phases of Penetration Testing
Pre-Attack Phase
Attack Phase
Activity: Perimeter Testing
Enumerating Devices
Activity: Acquiring Target
Activity: Escalating Privileges
Activity: Execute, Implant, and
Retract
Post-Attack Phase and Activities
Penetration Testing Deliverable Templates
Penetration Testing Methodology
Application Security Assessment
Web Application Testing - I
Web Application Testing - II
Web Application Testing - III
Network Security Assessment
Wireless/Remote Access Assessment
Wireless Testing
Telephony Security Assessment
Social Engineering
Testing Network-Filtering Devices
Denial of Service Emulation
Outsourcing Penetration Testing Services
Terms of Engagement
Project Scope
Pentest Service Level Agreements
Penetration Testing Consultants
Evaluating Different Types of Pentest
Tools
Application Security Assessment Tool
Webscarab
Network Security Assessment Tool
Angry IP scanner
GFI LANguard
Wireless/Remote Access Assessment Tool
Kismet
Telephony Security Assessment Tool
Omnipeek
Testing Network-Filtering Device Tool
Traffic IQ Professional
